Transportation Management Plan Effectiveness Framework and Pilot
Appendix A. Expected Strategy Impacts, Frequency of Use, and Current Understanding of Effectiveness
| Transportation Management Plan Strategies | Types of Impacts | Frequency of Use1 | Current Understanding of Effectiveness1 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Strategic construction phasing | Reduces project duration, frequency of capacity-reducing activities | H | H |
| Full Roadway Closures | Increases work productivity and efficiency, reducing project duration; reduces worker risks | M | M |
| Lane shifts or closures–Reduced lane widths to maintain number of lanes (constriction) | Maintains greater capacity than allowing lane(s) to be closed | H | H |
| Lane shifts or closures–Lane closures to provide worker safety | Increases buffer distance to reduce worker risks | M | M |
| Lane shifts or closures–Reduced shoulder width to maintain number of lanes | Maintains greater capacity than allowing lane(s) to be closed | H | H |
| Lane shifts or closures–Shoulder closures to provide worker safety | Increases buffer distance to reduce worker risks | M | M |
| Lane shifts or closures–Lane shift to shoulder/median to maintain number of lanes | Maintains greater capacity than allowing lane(s) to be closed. | H | M |
| One-lane, two-way operation | Increases capacity by allowing travelers to use facility instead of closing it completely while doing work | M | H |
| Two-way traffic on one side of divided facility (crossover) | Reduces worker risks; can reduce project duration | M | M |
| Reversible lanes | Allows additional capacity to be used for peak direction traffic flows (compared to a static lane closure condition) | M | H |
| Ramp closures/relocation | Can increase capacity by eliminating merging conflicts, smooth traffic flow; encourages diversion away from work zone at that location | M | M |
| Freeway-to-freeway interchange closures | Can increase capacity by eliminating merging conflicts, smooth traffic flow; encourages diversion away from work zone at that location | L | L |
| Night work | Capacity reductions occur when traffic volumes are lower | H | M |
| Weekend work | Capacity reductions occur when traffic volumes are lower | H | M |
| Work hour restrictions for peak travel | Capacity reductions occur when traffic volumes are lower | H | H |
| Pedestrian/bicycle accommodations | Reduces traveler surprise to unexpected conditions; reduces public frustration and anxiety | L | L |
| Business access improvements | Can increase capacity; reduces public frustration and anxiety | L | L |
| Off-site detours/use of alternate routes | Causes additional diversion away from work zone beyond what would have occurred otherwise; can reduce other worker risks by provide more work space | H | L-H2 |
| Project Coordination–Coordination with other projects | Increases network/corridor capacity by reducing multiple capacity reductions happening at the same time | H | M |
| Project Coordination–Utilities coordination | Reduces the duration of the work zone | H | H |
| Project Coordination–ROW coordination | Reduces the duration of the work zone | H | H |
| Project Coordination–Coordination with other transportation infrastructure (e.g., rail transit, major generators) | Increases network/corridor capacity by reducing multiple capacity reductions happening at the same time on different parts of the infrastructure; can also involve doing capacity reductions when traffic volumes are lower (i.e., avoiding peak travel times of major generators) | H | M |
| Contracting Strategies–Design-build | Reduces the duration of the work zone | M | M |
| Contracting Strategies–A+B bidding | Reduces the duration of the work zone | M | M |
| Contracting Strategies–Incentive/disincentive | Reduces the duration of the work zone | M | M |
| Contracting Strategies–Lane rental | Capacity reductions occur when traffic volumes are lower | M | M |
| Innovative construction techniques (e.g., precast members, rapid cure materials) | Reduces the duration of the work zone | M | M |
1 L = Low; M = Medium; H = High
2 Understanding of effectiveness of off-site detours and use of alternative routes depends on location and other factors, and so ranges from low to high
| Transportation Management Plan Strategies | Types of Impacts | Frequency of Use1 | Current Understanding of Effectiveness1 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brochures and mailers | Reduce public surprise to unexpected conditions; encourage additional travel diversion; encourage safer driving behavior through the work zone; reduce public frustration and anxiety | M | L |
| Press releases/media alerts | Reduce public surprise to unexpected conditions; encourage additional travel diversion; encourage safer driving behavior through the work zone; reduce public frustration and anxiety | H | L |
| Paid advertisements | Reduce public surprise to unexpected conditions; encourage additional travel diversion; encourage safer driving behavior through the work zone; reduce public frustration and anxiety | M | L |
| Public information center | Reduce public surprise to unexpected conditions; encourage additional travel diversion; reduce public frustration and anxiety | M | L |
| Telephone hotline | Reduce public surprise to unexpected conditions; encourage additional travel diversion; reduce public frustration and anxiety | L | L |
| Planned lane closure map | Reduce public surprise to unexpected conditions; encourage additional travel diversion; reduce public frustration and anxiety | H | L |
| Project website | Reduce public surprise to unexpected conditions; encourage additional travel diversion; reduce public frustration and anxiety | H | L |
| Public meetings/hearings | Reduce public surprise to unexpected conditions; reduce public frustration and anxiety | M | L |
| Community task forces | Reduce public surprise to unexpected conditions; reduce public frustration and anxiety | M | L |
| Coordination with media/schools/ businesses/emergency services | Reduce public surprise to unexpected conditions; reduce public frustration and anxiety | H | L |
| Work zone education and safety campaigns | Encourage safer driving behavior through the work zone | H | L |
| Work zone highway safety signs | Encourage safer driving behavior through the work zone | H | L |
| Rideshare promotion information | Encourage additional travel diversion | M | L |
| Visual media information for meetings and web | Reduce public surprise to unexpected conditions; reduce public frustration and anxiety | M | L |
| Traffic radio | Encourage additional travel diversion | H | L |
| Changeable message signs | Reduce public surprise to unexpected conditions; encourage additional travel diversion; encourage safer driving behavior through the work zone; reduce public frustration and anxiety | H | L |
| Temporary motorist information signs (e.g., status of project, number of fatalities) | Encourage safer driving behavior through the work zone; reduce public frustration and anxiety | H | L |
| Dynamic speed display signs | Encourage safer driving behavior through the work zone | H | M |
| Highway advisory radio | Reduce public surprise to unexpected conditions; encourage additional travel diversion; encourage safer driving behavior through the work zone; reduce public frustration and anxiety | L | L |
| Highway information network (web-based) | Reduce public surprise to unexpected conditions; encourage additional travel diversion; reduce public frustration and anxiety | L | L |
| 511 traveler information system | Reduce public surprise to unexpected conditions; encourage additional travel diversion; reduce public frustration and anxiety | H | L |
| Freight travel information | Encourage additional travel diversion; encourage safer driving behavior through the work zone | L | L |
| Transportation management center | Support use of motorist information strategies to encourage change in driving behavior (route, departure time, trip location) | NA | NA |
1 L = Low; M = Medium; H = High; NA = Not Applicable
| Transportation Management Plan (TMP) Strategies | Types of Impacts | Frequency of Use1 | Current Understanding of Effectiveness1 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transit service improvements | Encourage additional travel diversion | M | M |
| Transit incentives | Encourage additional travel diversion | M | M |
| Shuttle services | Encourage additional travel diversion | M | M |
| Ridesharing/carpool incentives | Encourage additional travel diversion | M | M |
| Park-and-Ride promotions | Encourage additional travel diversion | M | M |
| High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes | Encourage additional travel diversion | M | M |
| Toll/congestion pricing (including High Occupancy Toll [HOT] lanes) | Encourage additional travel diversion; encourage safer driving behavior through the work zone | L | M |
| Ramp metering | Increase traffic-carrying capacity through the work zone; encourage additional travel diversion; encourage safer driving behavior through the work zone | M | M |
| Parking supply management | Encourage additional travel diversion | L | M |
| Variable work hours | Encourage additional travel diversion | L | M |
| Telecommuting | Encourage additional travel diversion | L | M |
| Signal timing/coordination improvements | Increase traffic-carrying capacity on alternative routes; encourage additional travel diversion | H | H |
| Temporary traffic signals | Encourage safer driving behavior on alternative routes | L | L |
| Street/intersection improvements | Increase traffic-carrying capacity on alternative routes; encourage additional travel diversion | H | H |
| Bus turnouts | Increase traffic-carrying capacity on alternative routes; encourage additional travel diversion | M | H |
| Turn restrictions | Increase traffic-carrying capacity on alternative routes; encourage additional travel diversion | H | H |
| Parking restrictions | Increase traffic-carrying capacity on alternative routes; encourage additional travel diversion | H | H |
| Truck/heavy vehicle restrictions | Increase traffic-carrying capacity on alternative routes; encourage additional travel diversion | M | H |
| Separate truck lanes | Increase traffic-carrying capacity on alternative routes; encourage additional travel diversion | L | H |
| Reversible lanes | Increase traffic-carrying capacity on alternative routes; encourage additional travel diversion | M | H |
| Dynamic lane closure (merge) system | Increase traffic-carrying capacity through the work zone; encourage safer driving behavior; reduce public anxiety and frustration | L | M |
| Temporary suspension of ramp metering | Increase traffic-carrying capacity on alternative routes; reduce public anxiety and frustration | L | L |
| Ramp closures | Increase traffic-carrying capacity through the work zone; encourage additional travel diversion; encourage safer driving behavior | M | L |
| Railroad crossing controls | Encourage safer driving behavior | L | H |
| Coordination with adjacent construction sites | Increases network/corridor capacity by reducing multiple capacity reductions happening at the same time | M | M |
| Speed limit reductions/variable speed limits | Encourage safer driving behavior | H | L |
| Temporary traffic barrier | Reduce severity of crashes between vehicles and work space | H | L |
| Moveable traffic barrier | Reduce severity of crashes between vehicles and work space; allows capacity reductions to occur when traffic volumes are lower | M | M |
| Crash cushions | Reduce consequences of crashes that do occur | H | H |
| Temporary rumble strips | Encourage safer driving behavior | M | M |
| Intrusion alarms | Reduce worker accidents | L | L |
| Warning lights | Encourage safer driving behavior | H | L |
| Automated flagger assistance devices | Reduce worker accidents | L | M |
| Establishing project task force/committee | Support strategy to aid in identifying needs for other strategies | NA | NA |
| Establishing construction safety supervisors/inspectors | Support strategy to aid in identifying needs for other strategies | NA | NA |
| Work zone safety audits | Support strategy to aid in identifying needs for other strategies | NA | NA |
| Establishing a TMP monitoring/inspection team | Support strategy to aid in identifying needs for other strategies | NA | NA |
| Stakeholder meetings | Support strategy to aid in identifying needs for other strategies | NA | NA |
| Project on-site safety training | Reduce worker accidents | H | L |
| Safety awards/incentives | Reduce worker accidents | M | L |
| Windshield surveys | Support strategy to aid in identifying needs for other strategies | NA | NA |
| Implementing intelligent transportation system (ITS) for traffic monitoring/management (such as queue warning systems) | Increase traffic-carrying capacity through the work zone; encourage additional traveler diversion; encourage safer driving behavior; reduce public anxiety and frustration | M | M |
| Using/enhancing existing transportation management center | Encourage additional traveler diversion; encourage safer driving behavior; reduce public anxiety and frustration | M | L |
| Traffic surveillance | Support use of work zone ITS or existing transportation management center | NA | NA |
| Helicopter for aerial surveillance | Support use of work zone ITS or existing transportation management center | NA | NA |
| Location reference signs | Reduce the consequences of crashes that occur | H | L |
| Tow/freeway service patrol | Reduce the consequences of crashes that occur | H | M |
| Total station units | Reduce the consequences of crashes that occur | M | M |
| Photogrammetry | Reduce the consequences of crashes that occur | M | M |
| Coordination with media | Reduce the consequences of crashes that occur | H | L |
| Preplanned local detour routes | Reduce the consequences of crashes that occur | M | H |
| Contract support for incident management | Method of procuring incident management services | NA | NA |
| Incident/emergency management coordinator | Support for incident management strategies | NA | NA |
| Incident/emergency response plan | Reduce the consequences of crashes that occur | M | H |
| Dedicated (paid) police enforcement | Encourage safer driving behavior through the work zone | H | M |
| Automated enforcement | Encourage safer driving behavior through the work zone | L | M |
| Increased penalties for work zone violations | Encourage safer driving behavior through the work zone | H | L |
1 L = Low; M = Medium; H = High; NA = Not Applicable
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