Synthesis of Active Traffic Management Experiences in Europe and the United States
Foreword
Notice
This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the use of the information contained in this document. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation.
The U.S. Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers’ names may appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the objective of the document.
Technical Report Documentation Page
1. Report No.
FHWA-HOP-10-031 |
2. Government Accession No. |
3. Recipient’s Catalog No. |
4. Title and Subtitle
Synthesis of Active Traffic Management Experiences in Europe and the United States |
5. Report Date
May 2010 |
| 6. Performing Organization Code |
7. Author(s)
Chuck Fuhs (Parsons Brinckerhoff) |
8. Performing Organization Report No. |
9. Performing Organization Name and Address
Parsons Brinckerhoff
1 Penn Plaza
New York, NY 10119-0002
(performed as a subconsultant to Cambridge Systematics) |
10. Work Unit No. |
11. Contract or Grant No.
DTFH61-06-D-00004 |
12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
Office of Operations (HOP)
1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE
Washington, DC 20590 |
13. Type of Report and Period Covered
Final Report |
14. Sponsoring Agency Code
HOP |
15. Supplementary Notes
FHWA COTM - Jessie Yung. |
16. Abstract
This synthesis report describes both US and European techniques in Active Traffic Management (ATM). The primary focus of this synthesis is on European experience, which in some cases dates back a number of years. This report provides a compilation of lessons learned, experiences, operational results, and benefits associated with active traffic management applications. The applications included for discussion are primarily those that include variable speed management (also called speed harmonization or lane control in Europe), shoulder or line management, junction control, and directional routing. The report concludes with a discussion of the potential benefits and challenges of a system-wide application of techniques to actively manage traffic and a listing of initial implementations of European strategies in the US. |
17. Key Words
Active Traffic Management, High Occupancy Toll, High Occupancy Vehicle, Lane Control, managed lanes, speed harmonization, variable speed limit, congestion management, pricing, operations |
18. Distribution Statement
No restrictions. |
19. Security Classif. (of this report)
Unclassified |
20. Security Classif.
(of this page)
Unclassified |
21. No of Pages
35 |
22. Price
|
Quality Assurance Statement
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provides high-quality information to serve Government, industry, and the public in a manner that promotes public understanding. Standards and policies are used to ensure and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of its information. FHWA periodically reviews quality issues and adjusts its programs and processes to ensure continuous quality improvement.
Metric Conversion Factors
(International System of Units)
| APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS TO SI
UNITS |
| SYMBOL |
WHEN YOU KNOW |
MULTIPLY BY |
TO FIND |
SYMBOL |
| LENGTH |
| in |
inches |
25.4 |
millimeters |
mm |
| ft |
feet |
0.305 |
meters |
m |
| yd |
yards |
0.914 |
meters |
m |
| mi |
miles |
1.61 |
kilometers |
km |
| AREA |
| in2 |
square
inches |
645.2 |
square
millimeters |
mm2 |
| ft2 |
square
feet |
0.093 |
square
meters |
m2 |
| yd2 |
square
yard |
0.836 |
square
meters |
m2 |
| ac |
acres |
0.405 |
hectares |
ha |
| mi2 |
square
miles |
2.59 |
square
kilometers |
km2 |
| VOLUME |
| fl oz |
fluid
ounces |
29.57 |
milliliters |
mL |
| gal |
gallons |
3.785 |
liters |
L |
| ft3 |
cubic
feet |
0.028 |
cubic
meters |
m3 |
| yd3 |
cubic
yards |
0.765 |
cubic
meters |
m3 |
NOTE: volumes greater than 1000 L shall
be shown in m3 |
| MASS |
| oz |
ounces |
28.35 |
grams |
g |
| lb |
pounds |
0.454 |
kilograms |
kg |
| T |
short tons
(2000 lb) |
0.907 |
megagrams
(or "metric ton") |
Mg (or
"t") |
| TEMPERATURE
(exact degrees) |
| oF |
Fahrenheit |
5 (F-32)/9
or (F-32)/1.8 |
Celsius |
oC |
| ILLUMINATION |
| fc |
foot-candles |
10.76 |
lux |
lx |
| fl |
foot-Lamberts |
3.426 |
candela/m2 |
cd/m2 |
| FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS |
| lbf |
poundforce |
4.45 |
newtons |
N |
| lbf/in2 |
poundforce
per square inch |
6.89 |
kilopascals |
kPa |
| APPROXIMATE CONVERSIONS FROM SI
UNITS |
| SYMBOL |
WHEN
YOU KNOW |
MULTIPLY BY |
TO
FIND |
SYMBOL |
| LENGTH |
| mm |
millimeters |
0.039 |
inches |
in |
| m |
meters |
3.28 |
feet |
ft |
| m |
meters |
1.09 |
yards |
yd |
| km |
kilometers |
0.621 |
miles |
mi |
| AREA |
| mm2 |
square
millimeters |
0.0016 |
square
inches |
in2 |
| m2 |
square
meters |
10.764 |
square
feet |
ft2 |
| m2 |
square
meters |
1.195 |
square
yards |
yd2 |
| ha |
hectares |
2.47 |
acres |
ac |
| km2 |
square
kilometers |
0.386 |
square
miles |
mi2 |
| VOLUME |
| mL |
milliliters |
0.034 |
fluid
ounces |
fl oz |
| L |
liters |
0.264 |
gallons |
gal |
| m3 |
cubic
meters |
35.314 |
cubic
feet |
ft3 |
| m3 |
cubic
meters |
1.307 |
cubic
yards |
yd3 |
| MASS |
| g |
grams |
0.035 |
ounces |
oz |
| kg |
kilograms |
2.202 |
pounds |
lb |
| Mg (or "t") |
megagrams
(or "metric ton") |
1.103 |
short
tons (2000 lb) |
T |
TEMPERATURE (exact degrees) |
| oC |
Celsius |
1.8C+32 |
Fahrenheit |
oF |
| ILLUMINATION |
| lx |
lux |
0.0929 |
foot-candles |
fc |
| cd/m2 |
candela/m2 |
0.2919 |
foot-Lamberts |
fl |
| FORCE and PRESSURE or STRESS |
| N |
newtons |
0.225 |
poundforce |
lbf |
| kPa |
kilopascals |
0.145 |
poundforce per square inch |
lbf/in2 |
